Je signale au lecteur pas trop pressé la sortie récente d’un rapport d’une organisation internationale basée au Brésil (The Global Commission on Drug Policies) et signé d’une liste assez impressionnante du monde politique et économique international (Paul Volcker, et les anciens présidents du Mexique, de la Colombie et du Brésil, entre autres) condamnant sans appel l’échec abyssal de la guerre contre la drogue. Extrait (passages en gras d’Ob’Lib’):
The implementation of the war on drugs has generated widespread negative consequences for societies in producer, transit and consumer countries. These negative consequences were well summarized by the former Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Antonio Maria Costa, as falling into five broad categories:
1. The growth of a ‘huge criminal black market’, financed by the risk-escalated profits of supplying international demand for illicit drugs.
2. Extensive policy displacement, the result of using scarce resources to fund a vast law enforcement effort intended to address this criminal market.
3. Geographical displacement, often known as ‘the balloon effect’, whereby drug production shifts location to avoid the attentions of law enforcement.
4. Substance displacement, or the movement of consumers to new substances when their previous drug of choice becomes difficult to obtain, for instance through law enforcement pressure.
5. The perception and treatment of drug users, who are stigmatized, marginalized and excluded.
Et encore:
Drug policies must be based on human rights and public health principles. We should (…) treat people dependent on drugs as patients, not criminals.
Certain fundamental principles underpin all aspects of national and international policy. These are enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and many international treaties that have followed. Of particular relevance to drug policy are the rights to life, to health, to due process and a fair trial, to be free from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, from slavery, and from discrimination. These rights are inalienable, and commitment to them takes precedence over other international agreements, including the drug control conventions. As the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Navanethem Pillay, has stated, “Individuals who use drugs do not forfeit their human rights. Too often, drug users suffer discrimination, are forced to accept treatment, marginalized and often harmed by approaches which over-emphasize criminalization and punishment while under-emphasizing harm reduction and respect for human rights ».
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Lire :
Le rapport (PDF, 16 pages) cosigné par, entre autres: Paul Volcker, George Schultz, Ernesto Zedillo, Fernando Enrique Cardoso, Cesar Gaviria, Richard Branson, Mario Vargas Llosa…
Articles précédents sur le même sujet – De votre serviteur :
Il faut arrêter d’urgence la guerre contre la drogue (Objectif Eco)
Afghanistan, pourquoi la guerre risque d’être perdue (Ob’Lib’)
Drogue: le coût de la guerre ( publié par le nouvel économiste)
Drogue: sortir des impasses de la prohibition (interview, les dossiers du net)
Autres auteurs :
Cannabis.free.fr, une mine de textes pro légalisation
Dossier « légalisation » du JDN – textes pro et anti légalisation.
Dossier du Cato Insitute
A Drug War Carol, une BD pédagogique et parodique de Charles Dickens, désormais disponible aussi en français.
Autres articles par la Global Commission on Drug Policies
Plusieurs PDF de très bon niveau ici et notamment le texte de Moses Naim intitulé « The Drug Trade, The Politicization of criminals and the criminalization of politicians »
Et à voir et revoir, évidemment…
Traffic, Le chef d’oeuvre de Steven Soderbergh, avec Michael Douglas (IMDB), qui résume toutes les questions dérangeantes posées sur la politique de « guerre à la drogue ».
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Sur le web